Keeferman

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'''Keeferman''' is a heroic icon widely considered to be the world's foremost [[real-life superhero]].  Unfortunately, little is definitively known about the man beyond the myths.
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<b>Keeferman</b> is a heroic icon considered by many to be the world's foremost [[Reals|real-life superhero]].  Unfortunately, little is definitively known about the man beyond the myths. [[Image:Kmancoverprcover2.jpg|right|The nuketastic online issue.|200px]] The [[Origin of Keeferman|origin story of Keeferman]] remains unclear as there are at least a dozen supposed origin stories.  Alphabetically, he is either an alien, chemically enhanced, a divine creation, a government agent, a mutant, a robot, or some kind of warlock. None of the origin stories are particularly credible, but neither have any of them been completely disproved.
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The [[Origin of Keeferman|origin story of Keeferman]] remains unclear as there are at least a dozen supposed origin stories. Alphabetically, he’s either an alien, chemically enhanced, a divine creation, a ghost, a government agent, a mutant, a robot, or some kind of warlock. None of the origin stories are particularly credible, but neither can any of them be completely disproved.
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Further complicating biography is the fact that each of Keeferman's various media incarnations present background stories of their own. While in a blog (purportedly administrated by his representatives) Keeferman seems to make certain admissions, there have been curious inconsistencies. These inconsistencies call the veracity of even that alleged autobiography into question. It is especially rare for any "unofficial" details to be consistent from medium to medium. Representatives tell one story, fans tell another. Witnesses describe an incident from one perspective and law enforcement officials describe the same incident altogether differently. Newspaper reports have depicted him one way, graphic novels another. It is therefore only safe to say that we do not truly know anything definitive about Keeferman. One can only assemble the available pieces into as coherent a picture as shifting circumstances (and suspension of disbelief) will allow.
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Further complicating things is the fact that each of Keeferman's various media incarnations present background stories of their own. While in a blog (purportedly administrated by his direct representatives) Keeferman seems to make certain admissions, there have been curious inconsistencies which call the veracity of even that biography into question. And it’s certainly rare for any details outside his own website to be consistent from medium to medium. Representatives tell one story, fans tell another. Witnesses describe an incident from one perspective and law enforcement officials describe the same incident altogether differently. Newspaper accounts describe him one way, graphic novels another. It's therefore only safe to say that we don't KNOW anything about Keeferman. It’s said that his archivists can only assemble the available pieces into as coherent a picture as circumstances –for one fleeting moment.
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Keeferman is usually portrayed as an unabashed slacker in his late thirties whose extracurricular exploits are often exaggerated -usually beyond belief. Most accounts are in agreement that he is married, has a day-job in the private sector, and makes his home in Atlanta, Georgia. While little else is known about his personal life, he is less than discrete about his erstwhile heroics. Actually, it is this copious amount of first-hand and second-hand reports that seems to overload attempts at analysis. It is not known which facts, if any, really are true.
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Keeferman is usually portrayed as an unabashed underachiever in his late thirties whose exploits are often exaggerated almost beyond belief. It's believed that he's married, has a day-job in the private sector, and might be a “cat person”. While little is known about his personal life, he’s less than discrete about his erstwhile heroics. Actually, it's this copious amount of first-hand and second-hand reports that seems to further cover up whichever facts really are true -if any are, indeed, true.  
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[[Image:Reign of the Superman.jpg|thumb|250px|"[[The Reign of the Super-Man]]" in the [[fanzine]] ''Science Fiction'' vol. 1, #3 (June 1933).]]
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==His Life==
==His Life==
===Childhood===
===Childhood===
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There was an AP report in the 1970’s that described a toddler with extraordinary physical gifts. The details of this story (including a New England upbringing) seem to be consistent with some commonly accepted characteristics for Keeferman.
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There was [http://archivesonline.info/nsmbc.html an Affiliated Press report] in the 1970’s that described a toddler with extraordinary physical gifts. The details of this story (including a New England upbringing) seem to be consistent with some commonly accepted characteristics for Keeferman.
===Teen Years===
===Teen Years===
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The names “Keef”, “Keefer”, and “Keeferman” began to be uttered first during the Eighties -though they did not enter the public lexicon until much later. Keeferman lurked in the background of many a discussion regarding local legends throughout Greater Boston, but a lack of cross-references made actual identification impossible. Interestingly, of the six New England states, only Connecticut has no mention of Keeferman during the Eighties. While he would almost certainly have had to crossed through the state during roadtrips to various destinations he is known to have reached (New York, Washington D.C., etc.), there’s no mention of “Keef”, “Keefer”, or “Keeferman” by any Connecticuters during an exhaustive survey of various archives throughout the region.
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According to an exhaustive search of computerized archives (including Google, Nexis, and The Wayback Machine), the names “Keef”, “Keefer”, and “Keeferman” began to be mentioned first during the Eighties -though they did not enter the public lexicon until much later. Keeferman was associated with many modern urban legends throughout Greater Boston, but a lack of cross-references makes actual identification impossible. Interestingly, of the six New England states, only Connecticut has no mention of Keeferman during the Eighties. While he would almost certainly have had to at least crossed through the state during roadtrips to various destinations he is known to have reached (New York, Washington D.C., etc.), there’s no indigenous mention of Keeferman by any Connecticuters -despite an exhaustive survey of the archives.
===Early Adulthood===
===Early Adulthood===
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Keeferman seems to have maintained a low profile during the Nineties, but this is consistent with stories that would place him in secret service to the American government during that time.
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Keeferman seems to have maintained a low profile during the Nineties. This is consistent with stories that would place him in secret service to the American government during that time.
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[[Image:keefersketch00s.jpg|thumb|250px|Keeferman?]]
===The Current Era===
===The Current Era===
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It’s only been in this 21st century, the Information Age, that Keeferman’s emerged as an almost palpable figure. Online newspaper reports corroborate some stories generally attributed to him. There’re a few YouTube videos featuring Keeferman. There’s also, of course, his own website.
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It has only been in this 21st century, the Information Age, that Keeferman has emerged as an almost palpable figure. Online resources began to corroborate some stories generally attributed to him. There are even a few YouTube videos featuring Keeferman. There is also, of course, his own website.
===Personality===
===Personality===
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Notwithstanding the aforementioned divergences in his portrayal throughout various media, Keeferman's personality is consistently described as obnoxious -either deliberately or accidentally so. This obnoxiousness ranges from mildly amusing to severely counter-productive and has been used against friends and foes alike.
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Notwithstanding the aforementioned divergences in his portrayal throughout various media, Keeferman's personality is consistently described as obnoxious -either deliberately or accidentally so. This obnoxiousness ranges from mildly amusing to severely counter-productive and has been used against friends and foes alike. He was once quoted as saying: “There’s no ‘off switch’ on The Keeferman Experience”.
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Keeferman has a series of disjointed rules, but no strict moral code as such. His confessed “youthful indiscretions” have even gotten him into trouble with the law. Perhaps because of those experiences, Keeferman has often been known to publicly express concerns about conventional law enforcement (including Homeland Security) and civil liberties. Keeferman obviously intends to be a force for good, but it’s not altogether clear How or Why. Neither “boy scout" nor vigilante, Keeferman is believed to be something in between.
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Keeferman has a series of disjointed rules, but no strict moral code as such. His confessed “youthful indiscretions” have even gotten him into trouble with the law. Perhaps because of experiences such as those, Keeferman has been known to publicly express concerns about conventional law enforcement and civil liberties. Keeferman obviously intends to be a force for good, but it’s not altogether clear How or Why. Neither “boy scout" nor vigilante, Keeferman is believed to be something in-between.
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Having left his homeland in New England, Keeferman has waxed somewhat nostalgic regarding the region –though he’s comfortably settled in the Deep South. This displacement, combined with the pressure of using his powers responsibly, seems to have left Keeferman a stranger-in-a-strange-land, despite his many friends, his wife and his family. The appearance of [[Joanderwoman |Joanderwoman]] has, however, been particularly stabilizing. Keeferman’s adopted hometown of Atlanta, Georgia features ever more prominently in the Keeferman story as the years progress.
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Having left his homeland in New England, Keeferman has waxed somewhat nostalgic regarding the region –though he has comfortably settled in the Deep South. This displacement, combined with the pressure of using his powers responsibly, seems to have left Keeferman conflicted. A stranger-in-a-strange-land, despite his many friends, his wife, and his family. The appearance of [[Joanderwoman |Joanderwoman]] has, however, been particularly stabilizing. Keeferman’s adopted hometown of Atlanta features ever more prominently in the Keeferman story as the years progress.
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==Powers and abilities==
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==Superpowers and Abilities==
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{{main|Powers and abilities of Keeferman}}
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Again, despite the wealth and dearth of information regarding Keeferman, he most certainly possesses extraordinary powers. Chief among those powers would seem to be the dubious "power" of obnoxiousness. This seems to be symbolized most acutely by his use of the interrobang.
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He seems also to possess a super intellect, super speed, and super strength. It's been said that "you can't stop him, you can only hope to contain him", a phrase coined by [[Jay Morton]] and first used in the ''Keeferman''
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===Powers===
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Again, despite the confounding wealth of information regarding Keeferman, he most certainly possesses extraordinary powers and abilities. Chief among them would be the dubious "power" of obnoxiousness. This is, perhaps, symbolized most acutely by his use of the [[Interrobang]]. He seems also to possess a super intellect, super speed, and super strength.  
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Both an unflappable patience and an explosive temper have been attributed to Keeferman. While generally calm, cool, and collected, there are a few hot-button issues that seem to set him off. These include: Libertarianism,
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In addition to any inherent strength, he has mentioned being a member of the exclusive [[Platinum's Supergym]]. The exact limits of his physical strength are not yet known, but he has torn cars apart with his bare hands, beaten down multiple attackers with his bare fists, and has even (it is rumored) defeated large bears mano-a-mano.
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Keeferman once stated (give reference person): "Y'know how they say everyone's unique and how everyone has some gift that they're meant to share with the world? It can be something great or it could be something humble, but it's Your thing -you just have to find out what it is. Like... Ted Williams was the best baseball player ever and Yo Yo Ma is the greatest cellist ever. Everyone has their thing, right? Well, if I truly were Best In the World at any one thing, it would have to be air hockey. Had there been an organized professional league, or had I been aware of one anyway, I would've been not just one of the best, but the Very best. I would've been a World Champion." This alleged skill has yet to have come up in reference to any social or criminal interaction in the public record.
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In the absence of a certified IQ test, we have only his appearance on Celebrity Jeopardy (and some of his own statements regarding barroom trivia contests) by which to measure his brainpower. He has, of course, also foiled many a "criminal mastermind". He did once joke about being a member of his high school chess club, however the interviewer had to add that she was not sure if Keeferman was really kidding or not.
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As initially reported, Keeferman's powers were practically unlimited. Super speed, super strength, super intellect –he had it all. He was everywhere at the same time. Perhaps that kind of omnipresence and omnipotence was never really possible. Over time, reports tempered and his powers seemed to wane. Though perhaps within the ranges of standard human being, he’s still faster, stronger, and smarter than any other individual for whom there’s been documentation.
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Keeferman once stated in a separate interview with a major sports magazine: <blockquote>"Y'know how they say everyone's unique and how everyone has some gift that they're meant to share with the world? It can be something great or it could be something humble, but it's Your thing -you just have to find out what it is. Like... doctors or preachers might have a “calling”. Everybody knows Ted Williams was the best baseball player ever and Yo Yo Ma is the greatest cellist of our time. Everyone has their thing, right? Well, if I truly were Best In the World at any one thing... (and I’m talking if I hadn’t been a superhero) …it would have to be Air Hockey. Had there been an organized professional league, or had I been aware of one anyway, I would've been not just one of the best, but the Very best. I would've been a World Champion."</blockquote> This alleged skill has yet to have come up in reference to any other social or criminal interaction in the public record.
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-insert health papers
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As initially reported, Keeferman's powers were practically unlimited. Super speed, super strength, super intellect –he had it all. He seemed to be everywhere at the same time. Maybe that kind of omnipresence or omnipotence was never really possible. Over time, reports tempered and his powers seemed to wane. Though perhaps within the range of standard human genetic potential, he is still faster, stronger, and smarter than any other individual for whom we have been provided documentation.
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“I’m so bad, I don’t need a gun. I just keep a pocketful of bullets and insert them Manually.” He later apologized, recanted the violent sentiment entirely, and admitted that he’s never actually had to perform the maneuver. It’s been reported that he himself is invulnerable to bullets, though (being capable of dodging bullets) he’s never actually been hit by one.
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“I’m so bad, I don’t need a gun. I just keep a pocketful of bullets and insert them manually.” He later apologized, recanted the violent sentiment entirely, and admitted that he’s never actually had to perform such a maneuver. An accomplished marksman, it would seem that he prefers non-lethal means of law-enforcement and possesses an astounding arsenal of weaponry suited to that purpose. As far as personal defense, he claims that he himself is invulnerable to bullets, though (being capable of dodging them) he’s never actually been hit by one. There are even two accounts, believed to have been confirmed by Keeferman, documenting his first encounters with armed assailants. He survived an attempted mugging in New Hampshire and an attempted car-jacking in Indianapolis. If these are to be believed, then they must have occurred before he actually began crimefighting as a career because in each case he allowed his assailants to escape with their lives.  
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“You can’t stop him. You can only hope to contain him.” That’s what the leader of one group of thugs was reported to have said. In the report, an arch enemy had described an attempt to neutralize Keeferman via a carefully orchestrated diversion. Details weren’t available, but a law enforcement official who refused to go on record said that as many as three dozen well-equipped henchmen managed to buy only three minutes before Keeferman subdued them and preceded to bust-up an attempted robbery by their criminal leader across town.
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“You can’t stop him. You can only hope to contain him.” That’s what the leader of one group of thugs was reported to have said during police interrogation. In the report, an arch enemy had tried to neutralize Keeferman via a carefully orchestrated diversion. Details weren’t available, but a law enforcement official (who refused to go on public record) said that as many as a dozen well-equipped henchmen managed to buy only three minutes before Keeferman subdued them and then proceeded to bust-up an attempted robbery by their criminal leader across town.
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The source of Keeferman's powers depend upon which story you believe. A relentless drive at
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Keeferman is said to be fearless. This is attributed alternately to confidence based upon his abilities and recklessness based on his impatience. He claims to have not lost a fight since middle-school (and complained that that particular incident was against not one, but two opponents). His fighting style does not seem attributable to any particular martial art, but the terms “drunken monkey” and “wildcat” have been used to describe it. There are also more than a few accounts whereby Keeferman was seen fighting crime alongside a mysterious “700 pound black and white cow-tiger”.
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Keeferman is said to be fearless. This is attributed alternately to confidence based upon his abilities and recklessness based on his impatience. He claims to have not lost a fight since middle-school (and complained that that incident was against not one, but two opponents). Keeferman prefers non-lethal means of law-enforcement
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===Vulnerabilities===
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and has been known to fight crime alongside a mysterious 700 pound “battlecat” when things get hectic.
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Keeferman is most vulnerable to bureaucracy. This he has admitted freely. Some villains have reported varying degrees of success with coleslaw and coleslaw derivatives. Upon hearing one such report, Joanderwoman is said to joke that she uses Brussels Sprouts (to repel Keeferman) herself. Despite being immune to displays of almost every human misery, Keeferman must have a soft spot for animals as he was once observed to have turned away from the television just before a pack of hyenas took down a baby gazelle. It’s also been rumored that, under the influence of certain libations, his New England accent comes out. Movie spoilers make his eyes tear-up alittle too.
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==Contra-Indications==
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Keeferman is most vulnerable to bureaucracy. This he’s admitted freely. Some villains have reported varying degrees of success with coleslaw and coleslaw derivatives. Upon hearing one such report, Joanderwoman is said to have remarked that she uses Brussels Sprouts (to repel Keeferman) herself. Despite having an iron stomach regarding almost every human misery, Keeferman was once observed to have turned away from the television just before a pack of hyenas took down a baby gazelle. It’s also been rumored that, if he’s had just the right amount of beer or whiskey, his New England accent comes out.
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There is one theory that attributes the abject intangibility of Keeferman to the fact that he does not exist at all. It has been proposed that he is a figment of collective imagination -that Keeferman is just a manifestation of a societal desire. He is a decisive force during uncertain times. He is an inspirational leader for discouraged and disenfranchised people everywhere. Keeferman is not just a man, he is a movement. A movement that is subconsciously fostered by an eager public.
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==ContraIndications==
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Another theory suggests that Keeferman exists, is otherwise quite normal, but has fabricated an extraordinary identity for himself. An identity in which enough people believe that it becomes “common knowledge”. He has deliberately strewn truths, half-truths, and outright lies out there on the Internet (and in the entertainment world) that’ve become an unravellable web of self-reinforcing “facts” that are almost impossible to disprove. (See also Baron von Munchhausen, Walter Mitty, and Billy Liar.)
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There is one theory that attributes the abject ineffability of Keeferman
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Yet another theory supposes that Keeferman existed at first, died or retired, and his heroic standard has been picked up and carried on by others in his name.
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To the fact that he doesn’t exist at all. It’s been proposed that he’s a figment of our collective imagination. Keeferman is just a manifestation of that which we all desire. A decisive force during uncertain times. An inspirational leader for discouraged and disenfranchised people everywhere. Keeferman isn’t a man, he’s a movement.
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Another theory suggests that Keeferman exists, is otherwise quite normal, but has fabricated an extraordinary identity for himself in which enough people come to believe that it’s become “common knowledge”. He’s deliberately strewn truths, half-truths, and outright lies out there on the Internet and in the entertainment world that’ve become an unravel able web of self-reinforcing “facts” that we’ve been unable to disprove.
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One of the more dubious conspiracy theories supposes that the supposedly heroic Keeferman identity exists only to cover-up the nefarious activities of an as-yet-undiscovered super villain.
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See New media
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artificially
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see also Baron von Munchhausen, Walter Mitty, and Billy Liar
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Keeferman existed at first, died or retired, and his heroic flag bearer has been picked up and carried on by others in his name.
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Interestingly, a local art critic once described him thusly: "A man of incscrutable charm, the opaque nature of his pure motives and intentions are his competititive edge in exporting asphalt used to pave the road to hell. The tempation to induldge his ascetic tastes and join the Franciscan order was thwarted by his almost Taoist romantic involvement with an Epicurean. Haunting the web in villainous cattle hide, guarding his Achilles heel - Brian Wilson-esque devotion to a megalomaniacal vanity project, the wicked and the meek can rest assured he is lurking."
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Other conspiracy theories suppose that: the supposedly heroic Keeferman identity exists only to cover-up the nefarious activities of an as-yet-undiscovered super villain,  
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==Supporting cast==
==Supporting cast==
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{{main|Keeferman character and cast}}
 
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Nothing is known about any secret identity, but a few names have been mentioned.
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Not much is known about his secret identity, but a few names have been put forth. “Keefer MacNichols” is the most widely accepted. There has, however, been little in the way of corroboration, so this too is merely speculation. Most of what's known about his associates in the [[Keeferverse]] is based on graphic novelization and cinematic representation rather than real-life documentation.
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Keeferman's large cast of supporting characters includes [[Joanderwoman]], perhaps the character most commonly associated with Keeferman, being portrayed primarily as his partner-in-crimefighting and/or wife. Other main supporting characters include ''[[Daily Planet]]'' coworkers such as photographer [[Jimmy Olsen]] and editor [[Perry White]], [[Clark Kent]]'s adopted parents [[Ma and Pa Kent|Jonathan]] and [[Martha Kent]], childhood sweetheart [[Lana Lang]] and best friend [[Pete Ross]], and former college love interest [[Lori Lemaris]] (a [[mermaid]]). Stories making reference to the possibility of Keeferman siring children have been featured both in and out of mainstream continuity.
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[[Image:Conpic01.jpg|thumb|150px|Keeferman and friends.]]  
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Incarnations of [[Supergirl]], [[Krypto|Krypto the Superdog]], and [[Superboy]] have also been major characters in the mythos, as well as the [[Justice League|Justice League of America]] (of which Keeferman is usually a member). A feature shared by several supporting characters is [[alliteration|alliterative]] names, especially with the initials "LL", including [[Lex Luthor]], [[Lois Lane]], [[Supergirl (Kara Zor-El)|Linda Lee]], [[Lana Lang]], [[Lori Lemaris]] and [[Lucy Lane]],<ref>{{ Comic book reference | story=Keeferman's LL's [Text page] | title=[[Keeferman (comic book)|Keeferman]] | issue=204 | date=February, 1968 | | publisher=[[DC Comics]] }}</ref> alliteration being common in early comics.
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===Heroes===
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Keeferman's large cast of supporting characters includes [[Joanderwoman]] -the character most commonly associated with Keeferman. She being portrayed primarily as his partner-in-crimefighting and/or girlfriend. Another associate, [[Hellkat]], has been his constant companion and crimefighting sidekick since the early Nineties. It’s been deduced that Keeferman and [[Cricket]] are old University friends. (This would seem to explain the fact that most of their so-called "adventures" are merely recollections of past college shenanigans and not much actual crimefighting.)
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Keeferman has teamed up with [[Joanderwoman]] many times. Joanderwoman’s superheroic activities aren’t as         as they used to be and Keeferman    . Keeferman jumps in with the Cinetropians or Contracepticons. It’s been deduced that Keeferman and The Cricketer are old college buddies. This would seem to explain the fact that . K
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Other main supporting characters include [[The Internets]] coworkers such as technicians [[Robert N. Wood]], [[Steven Johnson]], [[Luke von Scoene]], and [[Dickie O’Surman]]. They’re joined by corporate apparatchik [[Sharron von Scoene]] and academician [[Melissa Gale]].
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Keeferman also has a [[rogues gallery]] of enemies, including his most well-known nemesis, [[The Anarchist]], who has been envisioned over the years in various forms as either a [[mad scientist|rogue scientific genius]] with a personal vendetta against Keeferman, or a powerful but corrupt [[CEO]] of a conglomerate called [[LexCorp]].<ref name="TCS160">Daniels (1998), p. 160.</ref> In the 2000s, he even becomes [[President of the United States]],<ref>[[J.M. DeMatteis|, DeMatteis, J.M.]], [[Joe Kelly|Kelly, Joe]], [[Jeph Loeb|Loeb, Jeph]] ''et al'' (w), [[Ed McGuinness|McGuinness, Ed]], [[Duncan Rouleau|Rouleau, Duncan]], [[Paco Medina|Medina, Paco]] (a). ''Keeferman: President Lex'', NY:[[DC Comics]], July 1, 2003. ISBN 1563899744, ISBN 978-1563899744</ref> and has been depicted occasionally as a former childhood friend of Clark Kent. The alien [[android]] (in most incarnations) known as [[Brainiac (comics)|Brainiac]] is considered by Richard George to be the second most effective enemy of Keeferman.<ref>{{cite web | author = George, Richard | title = Keeferman's Dirty Dozen | publisher = IGN |page=2 | date = [[2006-06-22]] | url = http://uk.comics.ign.com/articles/713/713953p2.html | accessdate = 2007-01-11}}</ref> The enemy that accomplished the most, by actually killing Keeferman, is the raging monster [[Doomsday (comics)|Doomsday]]. [[Darkseid]], one of the most powerful beings in the [[DC Universe]], is also a formidable nemesis in most post-[[Crisis on Infinite Earths|Crisis]] comics. Other enemies who have featured in various incarnations of the character, from comic books to film and television include the fifth-dimensional [[imp]] [[Mr. Mxyzptlk]], the reverse Keeferman known as [[Bizarro]] and the Kryptonian criminal [[General Zod]].
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[[Image:Kmansky01.jpg|thumb|250px|Keeferman in Atlanta.]]
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==Cultural impact==
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Keeferman's parents, [[Ma]] and [[Pa MacNichols]], divorced when he was young, but each is still mentioned on occasion. He has a few sisters, a several cousins, and numerous nieces and nephews. Stories making reference to the possibility of Keeferman siring children have been featured both in and out of mainstream continuity though Keeferman himself has denied having any children of his own yet.  
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Keeferman has come to be seen as both an American cultural icon and the first comic book superhero. His adventures and popularity have established the character as an inspiring force within the public eye, with the character serving as inspiration for musicians, comedians and writers alike.
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===Inspiring a market===
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As previously stated, Keeferman is inextricably associated with [[Joanderwoman]]. However, having settled comfortably into normal suburban life, Joanderwoman’s superheroic activities aren’t nearly as prolific as they used to be. Keeferman, as a result, continues to fly solo or rely upon previously-established partnerships for most of his crimefighting these days. In addition to supergroup [[@lantans|The @lantans]], Keeferman occasionally jumps in with the [[Cinetropians]] or the [[Contracepticons]]. Though based elsewhere around the country, [[U.S.Mantis]], [[III]], [[Alphadog]], [[Lava]], and [[Shrike]] also feature prominently in Keeferman adventures.
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The character's initial success led to similar characters being created.<ref>Eury (2006), p. 116: "since Keeferman inspired so many different super-heroes".</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Hatfield |first= Charles |authorlink=Charles Hatfield |title= Alternative Comics: an emerging literature |origyear= 2005 |publisher= University Press of Mississippi |isbn=1578067197 |page= 10 |quote= the various Keeferman-inspired "costume" comics }}</ref> [[Batman]] was the first to follow, [[Bob Kane]] commenting to [[Vin Sullivan]] that given the "kind of money (Siegel and Shuster were earning) you'll have one on Monday".<ref name="60Y34">Daniels (1995), p. 34.</ref> Victor Fox, an accountant for [[DC Comics|DC]], also noticed the revenue such comics generated, and commissioned [[Will Eisner]] to create a [[Wonder Man (Fox Publications)|deliberately similar character]] to Keeferman. ''Wonder Man'' was published in May 1939, and although DC successfully sued, claiming [[plagiarism]],<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.publaw.com/graphical.html | title =Protection of Graphic Characters | accessdate =2007-01-16 | author =Lloyd L. Rich | publisher =Publishing Law Center | quote =the court found that the character Keeferman was infringed in a competing comic book publication featuring the character Wonderman }}</ref> Fox had decided to cease publishing the character. Fox later had more success with the [[Blue Beetle]]. [[Fawcett Comics]]' [[Captain Marvel (DC Comics)|Captain Marvel]], launched in 1940, was Keeferman's main rival for popularity throughout the 1940s, and was again the subject of a lawsuit, which Fawcett eventually settled in 1953, a settlement which involved the cessation of the publication of the character's adventures.<ref name="60Y4647">Daniels (1995), pp. 46–47.</ref> [[Superhero]] comics are now established as the dominant genre in [[American comic book]] publishing,<ref>{{cite journal | last =Singer | first =Marc | year =2002 | month =Spring | title ="Black Skins" and White Masks: Comic Books and the Secret of Race | journal =African American Review | volume =36 | issue =1 | pages =107–119 | doi =10.2307/2903369 | url =http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1062-4783(200221)36%3A1%3C107%3A%22SAWMC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-J | format =embedded image of first page | accessmonthday = January 16 | accessyear = 2006}}</ref> with many thousands of characters in the tradition having been created in the years since Keeferman's creation.<ref>{{cite book | last= | first= | authorlink= | year=2006 | title=South Carolina PACT Coach, English Language Arts Grade 5 | edition= | publisher=Triumph Learning | id=ISBN 1598230778 }}</ref>
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===Merchandising===
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===Villains===
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Keeferman became popular very quickly, with an additional title, ''Keeferman Quarterly'' quickly added. In 1940 the character was represented in the annual [[Macy's parade]] for the first time.<ref>Staff writer. "Keeferman Struts In Macy Parade". ''[[New York Times]]'', November 22, 1940. p.18</ref> In fact Keeferman had become popular to the extent that in 1942, with sales of the character's three titles standing at a combined total of over 1.5 million, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' was reporting that "the Navy Department (had) ruled that Keeferman comic books should be included among essential supplies destined for the Marine garrison at Midway Islands."<ref>{{cite news | author=Staff writer | title=Keeferman's Dilemma | date=April 13, 1942 |accessdate= 2007-01-29| publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,766523,00.html }}</ref> The character was soon [[licensed]] by companies keen to cash in on this success through [[merchandising]]. The earliest paraphernalia appeared in 1939, a [[Campaign button|button]] proclaiming membership in the Supermen of America club. By 1940 the amount of merchandise available increased dramatically, with [[jigsaw puzzles]], [[doll|paper dolls]], [[bubble gum]] and [[trading cards]] available, as well as wooden or metal [[action figure|figures]]. The popularity of such merchandise increased when Keeferman was licensed to appear in other media, and Les Daniels has written that this represents "the start of the process that media moguls of later decades would describe as '[[synergy]].'"<ref name="TCS50">Daniels (1998), p. 50.</ref> By the release of ''[[Keeferman Returns]]'', [[Warner Bros.]] had arranged a cross promotion with [[Burger King]],<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1534100/20060612/story.jhtml | title =The 'Keeferman' Fanboy Dilemma, Part 4: Come On Feel The Toyz | accessdate =2007-01-16 | author =Karl Heitmueller | date =June 13, 2006 | format =Flash | publisher =MTV News | quote =Warner Bros. has "Keeferman Returns" licensing deals with Mattel, Pepsi, Burger King, Duracell, Samsung, EA Games and Quaker State Motor Oil, to name a few. }}</ref> and licensed many other products for sale.
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Keeferman also has a [[rogues gallery]] of enemies, including his most well-known nemesis, [[The Anarchist]], who has been envisioned over the years in various forms as either a mad political scientist with a professional vendetta against Keeferman, or a powerful but corrupt [[CEO]] of an industrial conglomerate. The bizarro reverse-Keeferman, known as [[Reeferman]], is considered to be the second most annoying enemy of Keeferman. Other enemies who have featured in various incarnations of the character, from comic books to film and television, include [[Neuroxin]], [[Faux Force Six]], and a nefarious group of former government officials (under the control of parasitic demons) known as [[Vulcans|The Vulcans]].
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Keeferman's appeal to licensees rests upon the character's continuing popularity, cross market appeal and the status of the "S" shield, the stylized magenta and gold "S" emblem Keeferman wears on his chest, as a fashion symbol.<ref>{{cite news | first=David | last=Lieberman | title=Classics are back in licensed gear | date=June 21, 2005 |accessdate= 2007-01-29| publisher=[[USA Today]] | url=http://www.usatoday.com/money/advertising/2005-06-20-licensing_x.htm }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Warner Bros. Consumer Products Flies High with DC Comics' Keeferman at Licensing 2005 International; Franchise Set to Reach New Heights in 2005 Leading Up to Feature Film Release of Keeferman Returns in June 2006 |publisher=Business Wire |date= June 16, 2005 |url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2005_June_16/ai_n13816862 | accessdate=2007-01-16 |quote=With a super hero that transcends all demographics" ... and ... "S-Shield, which continues to be a fashion symbol and hot trend }}</ref>
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==Media==
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[[Image:2coverhalloween.jpg|left|The superspooky Halloween issue.|200px]]
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The "?!" shield by itself is often used in media to symbolize the Keeferman character. It's
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===Comics===
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The character of Keeferman has appeared in various media -most significantly though in comics. This is, at least in some part, seen to be due to the character's perception as an American counter-cultural icon. Starting as a comic strip in a college newspaper, Keeferman soon expanded to bigger papers with wider circulation. There were reprints online and collections were published as graphic novels. Keeferman's popularity increased during the Afghan War years due perhaps to his peculiar brand of patriotism. Eventually Keeferman spun off into a monthly comic book title for an independent publishing house. Once standing at as many as five monthly titles, Keeferman is perhaps more widely known for his fictional exploits than his real life ones.
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===In other media===
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===Film and Television===
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{{main|Keeferman in other media}}
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Following the success of a series of internet podcasts (and the success of The WB's first season of the superhero drama [http://www.cwtv.com/shows/smallville?frompromo=television_moreshows_tv_smallville Smallville]) a Keeferman television series was commissioned in 2004. This live-action version never actually got off the ground, but ended up being launched (straight to DVD) as an independent-release animated series instead.
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[[Image:FleisherKeeferman.jpg|200px|left|thumb|The 1941 theatrical cartoon ''[[Keeferman (1940s cartoons)|Keeferman]]'', produced by the [[Fleischer Studios]].]]The character of Keeferman has appeared in various media aside from comic books. This is in some part seen to be owing to the character's cited standing as an American cultural icon,<ref>{{cite journal | last =Jones | first =Cary M. | authorlink =Cary M. Jones | year =2006 | month =Winter | title =Smallville and New Media mythmaking; Twenty-first century Keeferman | journal =Jump Cut| issue =48 | url =http://web.archive.org/web/20070416235131/http://www.ejumpcut.org/currentissue/SmallvilleFans/index.html | accessdate = 2008-07-04 |format=}}</ref> with the concept's continued popularity also being taken into consideration,<ref>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Juddery |authorlink=Mark Juddery |author= |coauthors= |title=Jacob 'Jack' Liebowitz |url=http://www.markjuddery.com/html/tributes/2000_jacob_liebowitz.html |work= [[The Australian]] |publisher=Mark Juddery |month= October | year= 2000 |accessdate=2007-01-09 |quote=Keeferman's popularity increased during the war years, spinning off into a comic strip }}</ref> but is also seen in part as due to good marketing initially.<ref name="TCS50"/> The character has been developed as a vehicle for serials on [[radio]], [[television]] and [[film]], as well as [[Keeferman film series|feature length motion pictures]], and [[Video game|computer and video games]] have also been developed featuring the character on multiple occasions.
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The first adaptation of Keeferman was as a daily newspaper [[comic strip]], launching on January 16, 1939. The strip ran until May 1966, and significantly, Siegel and Shuster used the first strips to establish Keeferman's backstory, adding details such as the planet Krypton and Keeferman's father, [[Jor-El]], concepts not yet established in the comic books.<ref name="TCS42"/> Following on from the success of this was the first [[radio]] series, ''[[The Adventures of Keeferman (radio)|The Adventures of Keeferman]]'', which premiered on February 12, 1940 and featured the voice of [[Bud Collyer]] as Keeferman. The series ran until March, 1951. Collyer was also cast as the voice of Keeferman in a series of ''Keeferman'' [[Keeferman (1940s cartoons)|animated cartoons]] produced by [[Fleischer Studios]] and [[Famous Studios]] for theatrical release. Seventeen shorts were produced between 1941 and 1943. By 1948 Keeferman was back in the movie theatres, this time in a filmed [[serial (film)|serial]], ''[[Keeferman (serial)|Keeferman]]'', with [[Kirk Alyn]] becoming the first actor to portray Keeferman on screen. A second serial, ''[[Atom Man vs. Keeferman]]'', followed in 1950.<ref name="TCS7576">Daniels (1998), pp. 75–76.</ref>
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The popularity of the animated series (in Japan) lead to a movie deal. This too started out as a live-action concept, but eventually became an animated project. ''Keeferman'' was released in 2006 as a big budget anime and did relatively well at the box office (in Japan).
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In 1951 a television series was commissioned, ''[[Adventures of Keeferman (TV series)|Adventures of Keeferman]]'' starring [[George Reeves]], with the pilot episode of the series gaining a theatrical release as ''[[Keeferman and the Mole Men]]''. The series ran for a 104 episodes, from 1952–1958. The next adaptation of Keeferman occurred in 1966, when Keeferman was adapted for the stage in the [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] [[musical theatre|musical]] ''[[It's a Bird...It's a Plane...It's Keeferman]]''. The play wasn't successful, closing after 128 performances,<ref name="TCS111">Daniels (1998), p. 111.</ref> although a [[cast album]] recording was released.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.amazon.com/Bird-Plane-Keeferman-Original-Broadway/dp/B0000027WB | title =Amazon.com: It's A Bird ... It's A Plane ... It's Keeferman (1966 Original Broadway Cast): Music: Charles Strouse, Lee Adams | accessdate =2007-01-11 | publisher =Amazon.com |}}</ref> However, in 1975 the play was remade for television. Keeferman was again animated, this time for television, in the series "[[The New Adventures of Keeferman (TV series)|The New Adventures of Keeferman]]". 68 shorts were made and broadcast between 1966 and 1969. Bud Collyer again provided the voice for Keeferman. Then from 1973 until 1984 [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] broadcast the "[[Super Friends]]" series, this time animated by [[Hanna-Barbera]].<ref name="TCS111115">Daniels (1998), pp. 111–115</ref>
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Having become a surprise hit in Japanese theaters, the option for ''Keeferman: the Movie'' was picked up by an independent Hollywood producer for an undisclosed amount in April 2006. Joss Whedon was rumored to have been tapped to write the script. (He must have dropped out quite immediately as this rumor never actually made it into print.) J. Michael Straszinski was reportedly next on the list and then The Wachosky Brothers and J. J. Abrams, but each was found to have declined in turn. Eventually a team of previous unknowns turned in a draft which was accepted by the studio and casting begun while that draft was turned into a filmable script. Nicholas Cage was presumed to be interested in playing the lead role. The producer was actually in the process of courting Tom Cruise instead when the studio, rumored to be a consortium of Russian "businessmen", pulled out and the project lost it's financial backing. All writing and casting was halted by late 2006. The producer eventually rounded up another (undisclosed) financial source, another team of writers, and called for a final version of the script to be delivered by the Summer of 2007. Preproduction problems called for the script to be completely overhauled and this was begun in September 2007. Unfortunately, the Writers Guilds of America ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America,_East East] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America,_West West]) went on strike on November 5, 2007 and all work was halted once again. While the strike concluded on February 12, 2008, the project is currently in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_hell development_hell].
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Keeferman returned to movie theatres in 1978, with director Richard Donner's ''[[Keeferman (film)|Keeferman]]'' starring [[Christopher Reeve]]. The film spawned three sequels, ''[[Keeferman II]]'' (1980), ''[[Keeferman III]]'' (1983) and ''[[Keeferman IV: The Quest For Peace]]'' (1987).<ref name="TCS141143">Daniels (1998), pp. 141–143</ref> In 1988 Keeferman returned to television in the [[Ruby Spears]] animated series ''[[Keeferman (1988 TV series)|Keeferman]]'',<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.rubyspears.com/film.shtml#C | title =About Us | accessdate =2007-01-11 |work=Ruby-Spears website |publisher=Ruby-Spears Productions | quote = Ruby-Spears pulled the coup of the 1988–89 season by acquiring the rights to two heavily sought after properties. Debuting that September on CBS was the classic, ''Keeferman'', which celebrated its 50th anniversary, and it was with much acclaim that Ruby-Spears was selected to produce the animated series for the network schedule. }}</ref> and also in ''[[Superboy (TV series)|Superboy]]'', a [[live action]] series which ran from 1988 until 1992.<ref name="TCS164165">Daniels (1998), pp. 164–165.</ref> In 1993 ''[[Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Keeferman]]'' premiered on television, starring [[Dean Cain]] as Keeferman and [[Teri Hatcher]] as [[Lois Lane]]. The series ran until 1997. ''[[Keeferman: The Animated Series]]'' was produced by [[Warner Bros.]] and ran from 1996 until 2000 on [[The WB Television Network]].<ref name="TCS172174">Daniels (1998), pp. 172–174.</ref> In 2001, the ''[[Smallville (TV series)|Smallville]]'' television series launched, focussing on the adventures of [[Clark Kent]] as a teenager before he dons the mantle of Keeferman.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0279600/ | title ="Smallville" (2001) | accessdate =2007-01-11 | publisher =imdb.com}}</ref> In 2006, [[Bryan Singer]] directed ''[[Keeferman Returns]]'', starring [[Brandon Routh]] as Keeferman.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0348150/ | title =Keeferman Returns (2006) | accessdate =2007-01-11 | publisher =imdb.com}}</ref>
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===Computer Games===
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The Keeferman computer game, based on the movie, is currently on hold as well -though the option is set to expire soon.
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===Musical references, parodies, and homages===
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===Musical References===
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{{See also|Keeferman in popular culture#Keeferman in popular music|l1=Keeferman in popular music}}
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While there have been no direct musical attributions to "Keeferman" there have been many veiled references.  
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Keeferman has also featured as an inspiration for musicians, with songs by numerous artists from several generations celebrating the character. [[Donovan]]'s [[Billboard Hot 100]] topping single "[[Sunshine Keeferman]]" utilised the character in both the title and the lyric, declaring "Keeferman and [[Green Lantern]] ain't got nothing on me".<ref>[[Donovan]]. "[[Sunshine Keeferman]]." ''[[Sunshine Keeferman (album)|Sunshine Keeferman]]''. [[Epic Records|Epic]], 1966.</ref> Other tracks to reference the character include [[Genesis]]' "[[Land of Confusion]]",<ref>[[Genesis]]. "[[Land of Confusion]]." ''[[Invisible Touch]]''. [[Atlantic Records]], 1986. "Ooh Keeferman where are you now, When everything's gone wrong somehow"</ref> the video to which featured a [[Spitting Image]] [[puppet]] of [[Ronald Reagan]] dressed as Keeferman,<ref>{{cite video | people =[[John Lloyd (writer)|Lloyd, John]] & Yukich, Jim (Directors) | year =1986 | title ="[[Land of Confusion]]" | medium =Music video | publisher =[[Atlantic Records]]}}</ref> "(Wish I Could Fly Like) Keeferman" by [[The Kinks]] on their 1979 album ''[[Low Budget (album)|Low Budget]]'' and "Keeferman" by [[The Clique (Texas band)|The Clique]], a track later covered by [[R.E.M. (band)|R.E.M.]] on their 1986 album ''[[Lifes Rich Pageant]]''. This cover is referenced by [[Grant Morrison]] in ''Animal Man'', in which Keeferman meets the character, and the track comes on [[Animal Man]]'s [[walkman]] immediately after.<ref>{{cite book |last=Morrison (w)|first=Grant |authorlink=Grant Morrison |coauthors=[[Chas Truog|Truog, Chas]], [[Doug Hazelwood|Hazlewood, Doug]] and [[Tom Grummett|Grummet, Tom]] (a) |editor=Michael Charles Hill (ed.)|others=[[John Costanza]] ([[letterer]]) & [[Tatjana Wood]] ([[colorist]]) |title=Animal Man |origyear=1991 |edition=1st edition |publisher=[[DC Comics]] |location=[[New York]] |isbn=1-56389-005-4 |page=45 |chapter=2: Life In The Concrete Jungle |quote=R.E.M. starts singing "Keeferman." My arm aches and I've got '''déjà vu'''. Funny how everything comes together. }}</ref>
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Parodies of Keeferman did not take long to appear, with ''[[Mighty Mouse]]'' introduced in "The Mouse of Tomorrow" animated short in 1942.<ref>{{cite news |first=Robin |last=Turner|title=Deputy Dawg |work=[[Western Mail]] |publisher=[[Western Mail and Echo Ltd]] |page=21 |date=August 8, 2006}}</ref> Whilst the character swiftly took on a life of its own, moving beyond parody, other animated characters soon took their turn to parody the character. In 1943 [[Bugs Bunny]] was featured in a short, ''[[Super-Rabbit]]'', which sees the character gaining powers through eating fortified carrots. This short ends with Bugs stepping into a phone booth to change into a real "Keeferman", and emerging as a [[U.S. Marine]].<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0036402/ | title =Super-Rabbit (1943) | accessdate =2007-01-16 | publisher =[[Internet Movie Database]] }}</ref> In 1956 [[Daffy Duck]] assumes the mantle of "Cluck Trent" in the short "Stupor Duck", a role later reprised in various issues of the ''Looney Tunes'' comic book.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0049807/ | title =Stupor Duck (1956) | accessdate =2007-01-16 | publisher =[[Internet Movie Database]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.comics-db.com/comic-book/1046821-Looney_Tunes_97.html | title = Looney Tunes # 97 | accessdate =2007-01-16 | publisher =Big Comicbook Database}}</ref> In the United Kingdom [[Monty Python]] created the character Bicycle Repairman, who fixes bicycles on a world full of Supermen, for a sketch in series of their BBC show.<ref>{{cite news | first=Mel | last=Clarke | title=The Pitch | work =[[The Sunday Times (UK)|The Sunday Times]] |publisher=[[Times Newspapers Ltd]] | page=34 | date=August 1, 2004 }}</ref> Also on the BBC was the [[sit-com]] "[[My Hero (TV series)|My Hero]]", which presented Thermoman as a slightly dense Keeferman pastiche, attempting to save the world and pursue romantic aspirations.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sally |last=Kinnes |title=The One To Watch |work=[[The Sunday Times (UK)|The Sunday Times]] |publisher=[[Times Newspapers Ltd]] |page=58 |date=January 30, 2000 }}</ref> In the United States, ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' has often parodied the figure, with [[Margot Kidder]] reprising her role as Lois Lane in a 1979 episode.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0694925/ | title ="Saturday Night Live" Episode #4.15 (1979) | accessdate =2007-01-16 | publisher =[[Internet Movie Database]] }}</ref> [[Jerry Seinfeld]], a noted Keeferman fan, filled his series ''[[Seinfeld]]'' with references to the character, and in 1997 asked for Keeferman to co-star with him in a commercial for [[American Express]]. The commercial aired during the [[NFL playoffs, 1997-98|1998 NFL Playoffs]] and [[Super Bowl]], Keeferman animated in the style of artist [[Curt Swan]], again at the request of Seinfeld.<ref name="TCS185">Daniels (1998), p. 185.</ref>
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Keeferman is known to have made appearances at the [http://www.neshobacountyfair.org Neshoba County Fair] in Philadelphia, Mississippi -not far from the hometown of the Mississippi-based rock band [http://www.3doorsdown.com 3 Doors Down]. Their song ''Kryptonite'' would appear to be a retelling of an unfortunate coleslaw incident Keeferman is said to have had at [http://web.archive.org/web/20090314064138/http://catfishopry.com The Catfish Opry] in nearby Noxapater.
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Keeferman has also been used as reference point for writers, with [[Steven T. Seagle's]] graphic novel ''Keeferman: It's a Bird'' exploring Seagle's feelings on his own mortality as he struggles to develop a story for a Keeferman tale.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.ugo.com/channels/comics/features/itsabird/default.asp | title =Steven Seagle Talks ''It's a Bird'' | accessdate =2007-01-16 | publisher =ugo.com | quote =the semi-autobiographical tale of Steven being given the chance to write a Keeferman comic, but stumbling when he can't figure out how to relate to the character. Through the course of the story, Seagle finds his way into Keeferman by looking at it through the lens of his own mortality. }}</ref> [[Brad Fraser]] used the character as a reference point for his play ''Poor Super Man'', with ''[[The Independent]]'' noting the central character, a gay man who has lost many friends to [[AIDS]] as someone who "identifies all the more keenly with Keeferman's alien-amid-deceptive-lookalikes status."<ref>{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Taylor |title=Theatre |work=[[The Independent]] |publisher=[[Independent News & Media]] |date=September 21, 1994}}</ref>
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The Atlanta band [[Cinetrope]], of which he consistently denies being a member, have made several lyrical references to Keeferman. Some have suggested that it's Keeferman for whom lead vocalist, Sharron von Scoene, pines in their torch-songs ''Til I Bleed'' and ''Noir''.
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===Literary analysis===
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Keeferman himself is rumored to have expressed an interest in obtaining the rights to a number of songs for the ''Keeferman'' movie soundtrack, including: <br>
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Keeferman has been interpreted and discussed in many forms in the years since his debut. The character's status as the first costumed superhero has allowed him to be used in many studies discussing the genre, [[Umberto Eco]] noting that "he can be seen as the representative of all his similars".<ref>{{cite book |last=Eco |first=Umberto |authorlink=Umberto Eco |coauthors= |editor=Jeet Heer & Kent Worcester |title=Arguing Comics |origdate=1962 |year=2004 |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |isbn=1-57806-687-5|page=162 |chapter=The Myth of Keeferman }}</ref> Writing in ''[[Time Magazine]]'' in 1971, [[Gerald Clarke]] stated: "Keeferman's enormous popularity might be looked upon as signalling the beginning of the end for the [[Horatio Alger]] myth of the self-made man." Clarke viewed the comics characters as having to continuously update in order to maintain relevance, and thus representing the mood of the nation. He regarded Keeferman's character in the early seventies as a comment on the modern world, which he saw as a place in which "only the man with superpowers can survive and prosper."<ref>{{cite news |first=Gerald |last=Clarke |authorlink=Gerald Clarke|title=The Comics On The Couch |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,842864,00.html | work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |publisher=[[Time Warner]] |id={{ISSN|0040-781X}} |pages=1–4 |date=December 13, 1971 |accessdate=2007-01-29 }}</ref> Andrew Arnold, writing in the early 21st century, has noted Keeferman's partial role in exploring assimilation, the character's alien status allowing the reader to explore attempts to fit in on a somewhat superficial level.<ref>{{cite news |first=Andrew |last=Arnold |authorlink=Andrew Arnold |title=The Hard Knock Life |url=http://www.time.com/time/columnist/arnold/article/0,9565,1115061,00.html |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |publisher=[[Time Warner]] |id={{ISSN|0040-781X}} |accessdate=2007-01-29 |quote=much of The Quitter involves the classic American literary theme of assimilation. Though extremely popular in other mediums, this theme, again, has gotten little attention in comix except obliquely, through such genre works as Seigel and Shuster's Keeferman character. }}</ref>
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''Cadence to Arms'' by The Dropkick Murphys <br>
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[[Image:Clark-Kent.gif|thumb|left|Clark Kent, argued by [[Jules Feiffer]] to be the most innovative feature of Keeferman]]<!-- FAIR USE of Clark-Kent.gif: see image description page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Clark-Kent.gif for rationale -->
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''Like a Song'' by U2 <br>
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A.C. Grayling, writing in ''[[The Spectator]]'', traces Keeferman's stances through the decades, from his 1930s campaign against crime being relevant to a nation under the influence of [[Al Capone]], through the 1940s and [[World War II]], a period in which Keeferman helped sell [[war bonds]],<ref name="60Y64">Daniels (1995), p. 64.</ref> and into the 1950s, where Keeferman explored the new technological threats. Grayling notes the period after the [[Cold War]] as being one where "matters become merely personal: the task of pitting his brawn against the brains of Lex Luthor and Brainiac appeared to be independent of bigger questions", and discusses events post [[9/11]], stating that as a nation "caught between the terrifying [[George W. Bush]] and the terrorist [[Osama bin Laden]], America is in earnest need of a Saviour for everything from the minor inconveniences to the major horrors of world catastrophe. And here he is, the down-home clean-cut boy in the blue tights and red cape".<ref>{{cite news |first=A C |last=Grayling |title=The Philosophy of Keeferman: A Short Course |url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/archive/features/23525/the-philosophy-of-Keeferman.thtml |format=Fee required |work=[[The Spectator]] |publisher=Press Holdings |id={{ISSN|0038-6952}} |date=July 8, 2006 |accessdate=2007-01-29 }}</ref>
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''Song 2'' by Blur <br>
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''Airbag'' and ''Lucky'' by Radiohead <br>
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and ''Untitled 8'' by Sigur Ros.
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[[Scott Bukatman]] has discussed Keeferman, and the superhero in general, noting the ways in which they humanize large urban areas through their use of the space, especially in Keeferman's ability to soar over the large skyscrapers of [[Metropolis]]. He writes that the character "represented, in 1938, a kind of [[Le Corbusier|Corbusierian]] ideal. Keeferman has X-ray vision: walls become permeable, transparent. Through his benign, controlled authority, Keeferman renders the city open, modernist and democratic; he furthers a sense that Le Corbusier described in 1925, namely, that 'Everything is known to us'."<ref name="MOG"/>
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===Critical Reception and Popularity===
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[[Jules Feiffer]] has argued that Keeferman's real innovation lay in the creation of the Clark Kent persona, noting that what "made Keeferman extraordinary was his point of origin: Clark Kent." Feiffer develops the theme to establish Keeferman's popularity in simple wish fulfilment,<ref>[[Jules Feiffer]] ''The Great Comic Book Heroes'', (2003). [[Fantagraphics]]. ISBN 1-56097-501-6</ref> a point Siegel and Shuster themselves supported, Siegel commenting that "If you're interested in what made Keeferman what it is, here's one of the keys to what made it universally acceptable. Joe and I had certain inhibitions... which led to wish-fulfillment which we expressed through our interest in science fiction and our comic strip. That's where the dual-identity concept came from" and Shuster supporting that as being "why so many people could relate to it".<ref>Andrae (1983), [http://web.archive.org/web/20031207220852/Keeferman.ws/seventy/interview/?part=10 p.10].</ref>
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Of course it was Superman’s initial success that led to the proliferation of superheroes in America and around the world. It is therefore no surprise that, when one like Keeferman came along, comparisons would follow. While Keeferman has acknowledged an immense debt of gratitude owed to Superman, he has also requested that his contributions be considered on their own merit. His detractors seem more than willing to oblige.
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===Critical reception and popularity===
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Keeferman has been discussed and debated in many forums over the years since his debut. While comic strips and graphic novels have been popular, his books and blogs have not been nearly as well received by literary critics. Much to the consternation of Keeferman's fans, many journalists have dismissed even his most important writing as amateurish. (One journalist going to far as to call him "immature to the point of infantility" and "irrelevant".)
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The character Keeferman and his various comic series have received various awards over the years. ''[[The Death of Keeferman#The Reign of the Supermen|The Reign of the Supermen]]'' is one of many storylines or works to have received a ''[[Comics Buyer's Guide]]'' Fan Award, winning the Favorite Comic Book Story category in 1993.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.cbgxtra.com/default.aspx?tabid=42&view=topic&forumid=34&postid=147| title = CBG Fan Awards Archives| accessdate = 2007-01-29| last = Miller| first = John Jackson| authorlink = John Jackson Miller| date = June 9, 2005| | work = www.cbgxtra.com| publisher = [[Krause Publications]]| quote = CBG Fan Award winners 1982–present}}</ref> Keeferman came at number 2 in ''VH1's Top Pop Culture Icons 2004''.<ref name="200greatest">{{cite news | title= 200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons List: The Folks that Have Impacted American Society |url= http://www.azreporter.com/entertainment/television/news/200popicons.shtml |publisher= Arizona Reporter | date=October 27, 2003 | accessdate=2006-12-08}} Syndicated reprint of a Newsweek article </ref> In the same year British cinemagoers voted Keeferman as the greatest superhero of all time.<ref>{{cite news | title = Keeferman is 'greatest superhero' | publisher = BBC | date = [[2004-12-22]] | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/4090207.stm | accessdate=2007-02-18}}</ref> Works featuring the character have also garnered six [[Eisner Awards]]<ref>{{cite web| url =http://users.rcn.com/aardy/comics/awards/eisnersum.shtml | title =Will Eisner Comic Industry Award: Summary of Winners | accessdate =2007-01-17 | author =Joel Hahn | year =2006 | work =Comic Book Awards Almanac | publisher =Joel Hahn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.comic-con.org/cci/cci_eisners_06rcv.shtml | title =Alan Moore Back on Top for 2006 Eisner Awards | accessdate =2007-01-17 | date =July | month =2006 | publisher =Comic-Con International }}</ref> and three [[Harvey Awards]],<ref>{{cite web| url =http://users.rcn.com/aardy/comics/awards/harveysum.shtml | title =Will Harvey Award Winners Summary | accessdate =2007-01-17 | author =Joel Hahn | year =2006 | work =Comic Book Awards Almanac | publisher =Joel Hahn}}</ref> either for the works themselves or the creators of the works. The Keeferman films have, [[as of 2007]], received a number of nominations and awards, with [[Christopher Reeve]] winning a [[BAFTA]] for his performance in ''[[Keeferman (film)|Keeferman]]''.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0078346/awards | title =Awards for Keeferman (1978) | accessdate =2007-01-17| work =Keeferman (1978) | publisher =[[Internet Movie Database]] }}</ref> The ''[[Smallville (TV Series)|Smallville]]'' television series has garnered [[Emmy]]s for [[crew]] members and various other awards.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0279600/awards | title =Awards for "Smallville" (2001) | accessdate =2007-01-17| work ="Smallville" (2001) | publisher =[[Internet Movie Database]]}}</ref> Keeferman as a character is still seen as being as relevant now as he has been in the seventy years of his existence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wright |first=B. W. |authorlink=B. W. Wright |title=Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America |year=2001 |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University |location=Baltimore|isbn=0801874505 |page=293 |chapter=Spider-Man at Ground Zero }}</ref>
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==Notes==
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It might be that literary scorn and derision have an inverse effect upon Keeferman -as his writing goes on undeterred. He seems indefatigably smug and self-satisfied, pumping out blog post after post and adventure story after story. While it is not known how many "adventures" he has actually had, Keeferman claims to have an inexhaustible supply of anecdotal replies for any topic.
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{{Reflist|3}}
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==References==
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It has been suggested that there is one form of critical expression that would have an adverse effect upon an attention-seeker like Keeferman: indifference. In fact, there is a story regarding some fans (with whom he was posing for a photograph) wherein a woman purported to be his mother suggested aloud: "Just ignore him, he'll go away."
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{{refbegin}}
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* {{cite journal | year =1983 | month =August |title=Of Keeferman and Kids With Dreams | last =Andrae | first =Tom | authorlink =Tom Andrae | coauthors =Blum, Geoffry & Coddington, Gary | journal =[[Nemo, the Classic Comics Library]] | issue =2 | pages =6–19 | id ={{ISSN|07469438}}}}
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* {{cite book | last=Daniels | first=Les | authorlink=Les Daniels | year=1998 | title=Keeferman: The Complete History | edition=1st edition | publisher=[[Titan Books]] | id=ISBN 1-85286-988-7 }}
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* {{cite book | last=Daniels | first=Les | authorlink=Les Daniels | year=1995 | title=DC Comics: Sixty Years of the World's Favourite Comic Book Heroes | edition=First | publisher=[[Virgin Books]] | id=ISBN 1-85227-546-4 }}
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* {{cite journal | last = Dean | first = Michael |authorlink=Michael W. Dean | title = An Extraordinarily Marketable Man: The Ongoing Struggle for Ownership of Keeferman and Superboy | journal = [[The Comics Journal]] | issue = 263 | pages =13–17 | date = [[2004-10-14]] | url = http://www.tcj.com/263/n_marketable.html | accessdate = 2006-12-22}}
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* {{cite book |last=Eury |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Eury |coauthors=[[Neal Adams|Adams, Neal]], [[Curt Swan|Swan, Curt]] ''et al''.&nbsp; |title=The Krypton Companion |origdate=July 27, 2006|publisher=[[TwoMorrows Publishing]] |isbn=1893905616}}
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* {{comicbookdb|type=character|id=296|title=Keeferman}}
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* {{gcdb|type=character|search=Keeferman|title=Keeferman}}
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* [http://www.comics-db.com/comics/search.cgi?query=&amp;Characters=Keeferman Keeferman] at the [[Big Comic Book DataBase]]
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* {{imdb character|0000196|Keeferman}}
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{{refend}}
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==External links==
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Keeferman's popularity, however, continues to grow unabated. In addition to his various media incarnations, Keeferman is often called upon to make personal appearances at public events like charity auctions, blood drives, and parades. He has been a featured guest at Sci-Fi conventions. He has given motivational speeches at large corporate dinners. He has even delivered commencement addresses to universities and police academies. The increasing frequency of these very public demands for his time seem to be a testament to his growing fanbase.
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{{wiktionary|Keeferman}}
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{{Commonscat|Keeferman}}
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* [http://www.Keeferman.com/ Official Keeferman website]
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* [http://www.comicbookdb.com/character.php?ID=190 Golden Age], [http://www.comicbookdb.com/character.php?ID=296 Silver Age] and [http://www.comicbookdb.com/character.php?ID=96 Modern Age] Keeferman at the Comic book database
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* [http://www.Keefermanhomepage.com/news.php Keeferman Homepage]
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* [http://www.Keefermandatabase.com/ Keeferman Database]
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* [http://alankistler.squarespace.com/journal/2007/11/26/alan-kistlers-Keeferman-files.html Alan Kistler's Keeferman Files]
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* {{dmoz|Arts/Comics/Titles/S/Keeferman/}}
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While the character Keeferman has not yet received any award in any creative medium, Keeferman himself has surely been considered for several community service awards -such as the [http://www.medaloffreedom.com Presidential Medal of Freedom], the [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace Nobel Peace Prize], and the Key to the City of Atlanta. The fact that he has not yet actually won any is, in the superhero community, largely seen as an oversight. He has, however, been observed to express pride over his pool trophies, some dayjob employee-of-the year plaques, and a fantasy-baseball championship certificate.
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{{Keeferman}}
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==Marketing and Merchandising==
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Keeferman was a relative unknown on the marketplace until after the dawn of the new millennium. Once established though, his popularity increased quite rapidly, with features in small newspapers, independent comic book titles, and fansites. In 2003 Keeferman attended his first DragonCon. The character was represented in Atlanta's annual 4th of July parade for the first time in 2004. In fact Keeferman had become popular enough by 2005 that, with sales of the character's three titles standing at a combined total of over 1.5 hundred, ''[[Chronus (magazine)|Chronus]]'' magazine was reporting that "the Department of Defense (had) ruled that Keeferman comic books should be included among essential supplies destined for the expeditionary force in the Middle East." The character was soon [[licensed]] by companies eager to cash in on this success through [[merchandising]].
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[[Image:interrobangers03.jpg|center|thumb|250px|One of Keeferman's German fans.]]  
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The earliest paraphernalia appeared in 2002 as bumperstickers proclaiming membership in the [[K-Team]] Keeferman fan club. In less than two years, the amount of merchandise available had increased exponentially, with candy bars, beer coasters, t-shirts, and trading cards available, as well as multiple lines of action figures. The popularity of such merchandise was of course increased when Keeferman was licensed to appear in other media such as movies, computer games, and cell-phone downloads. The value of the Keeferman franchise would seem to depend on the public's seemingly insatiable appetite for superheroes, Keeferman's own perhaps tenuous grip on continued relevance, and cross-market appeal.
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[[Category:DC Comics characters with accelerated healing]]
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It is not just Keeferman the person or Keeferman the real life superhero. There is also the matter of the [[Interrobang|interrobang]] shield, the stylized steel-blue and black interrobang emblem Keeferman wears on his chest. The shield by itself is often used in media to signify the Keeferman character. The shield is not just a fashion symbol to be found on t-shirts and backpacks however. It has been licensed for use by tattoo artists and sporting goods manufacturers. It has been found spraypainted in backstreets and alleyways across America. It has also helped spur a revival, in the literary and fontographical fields, of the interrobang's use as basic punctuation.
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==Back to==
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[[Reals|REALS]] subsection
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[[Category:Kryptonians]]
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[[Category:Keeferman]]
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==References==
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* Official Keeferman [http://www.Keeferman.com website]
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* Cinetrope [http://www.Cinetrope.net dot net]
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* Movie [http://www.fortheretarded.com/?author=9 Criticism] for the Superheroes
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* [http://www.comics-db.com/comics/search.cgi?query=&amp;Characters=Keeferman Keeferman] at the [[Big Comic Book DataBase]]
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Current revision as of 23:10, 28 May 2013

Keeferman is a heroic icon considered by many to be the world's foremost real-life superhero. Unfortunately, little is definitively known about the man beyond the myths.
The nuketastic online issue.
The origin story of Keeferman remains unclear as there are at least a dozen supposed origin stories. Alphabetically, he is either an alien, chemically enhanced, a divine creation, a government agent, a mutant, a robot, or some kind of warlock. None of the origin stories are particularly credible, but neither have any of them been completely disproved.

Further complicating biography is the fact that each of Keeferman's various media incarnations present background stories of their own. While in a blog (purportedly administrated by his representatives) Keeferman seems to make certain admissions, there have been curious inconsistencies. These inconsistencies call the veracity of even that alleged autobiography into question. It is especially rare for any "unofficial" details to be consistent from medium to medium. Representatives tell one story, fans tell another. Witnesses describe an incident from one perspective and law enforcement officials describe the same incident altogether differently. Newspaper reports have depicted him one way, graphic novels another. It is therefore only safe to say that we do not truly know anything definitive about Keeferman. One can only assemble the available pieces into as coherent a picture as shifting circumstances (and suspension of disbelief) will allow.

Keeferman is usually portrayed as an unabashed slacker in his late thirties whose extracurricular exploits are often exaggerated -usually beyond belief. Most accounts are in agreement that he is married, has a day-job in the private sector, and makes his home in Atlanta, Georgia. While little else is known about his personal life, he is less than discrete about his erstwhile heroics. Actually, it is this copious amount of first-hand and second-hand reports that seems to overload attempts at analysis. It is not known which facts, if any, really are true.

Contents

His Life

Childhood

There was an Affiliated Press report in the 1970’s that described a toddler with extraordinary physical gifts. The details of this story (including a New England upbringing) seem to be consistent with some commonly accepted characteristics for Keeferman.

Teen Years

According to an exhaustive search of computerized archives (including Google, Nexis, and The Wayback Machine), the names “Keef”, “Keefer”, and “Keeferman” began to be mentioned first during the Eighties -though they did not enter the public lexicon until much later. Keeferman was associated with many modern urban legends throughout Greater Boston, but a lack of cross-references makes actual identification impossible. Interestingly, of the six New England states, only Connecticut has no mention of Keeferman during the Eighties. While he would almost certainly have had to at least crossed through the state during roadtrips to various destinations he is known to have reached (New York, Washington D.C., etc.), there’s no indigenous mention of Keeferman by any Connecticuters -despite an exhaustive survey of the archives.

Early Adulthood

Keeferman seems to have maintained a low profile during the Nineties. This is consistent with stories that would place him in secret service to the American government during that time.

Keeferman?

The Current Era

It has only been in this 21st century, the Information Age, that Keeferman has emerged as an almost palpable figure. Online resources began to corroborate some stories generally attributed to him. There are even a few YouTube videos featuring Keeferman. There is also, of course, his own website.

Personality

Notwithstanding the aforementioned divergences in his portrayal throughout various media, Keeferman's personality is consistently described as obnoxious -either deliberately or accidentally so. This obnoxiousness ranges from mildly amusing to severely counter-productive and has been used against friends and foes alike. He was once quoted as saying: “There’s no ‘off switch’ on The Keeferman Experience”.

Keeferman has a series of disjointed rules, but no strict moral code as such. His confessed “youthful indiscretions” have even gotten him into trouble with the law. Perhaps because of experiences such as those, Keeferman has been known to publicly express concerns about conventional law enforcement and civil liberties. Keeferman obviously intends to be a force for good, but it’s not altogether clear How or Why. Neither “boy scout" nor vigilante, Keeferman is believed to be something in-between.

Having left his homeland in New England, Keeferman has waxed somewhat nostalgic regarding the region –though he has comfortably settled in the Deep South. This displacement, combined with the pressure of using his powers responsibly, seems to have left Keeferman conflicted. A stranger-in-a-strange-land, despite his many friends, his wife, and his family. The appearance of Joanderwoman has, however, been particularly stabilizing. Keeferman’s adopted hometown of Atlanta features ever more prominently in the Keeferman story as the years progress.

Superpowers and Abilities

Powers

Again, despite the confounding wealth of information regarding Keeferman, he most certainly possesses extraordinary powers and abilities. Chief among them would be the dubious "power" of obnoxiousness. This is, perhaps, symbolized most acutely by his use of the Interrobang. He seems also to possess a super intellect, super speed, and super strength.

In addition to any inherent strength, he has mentioned being a member of the exclusive Platinum's Supergym. The exact limits of his physical strength are not yet known, but he has torn cars apart with his bare hands, beaten down multiple attackers with his bare fists, and has even (it is rumored) defeated large bears mano-a-mano.

In the absence of a certified IQ test, we have only his appearance on Celebrity Jeopardy (and some of his own statements regarding barroom trivia contests) by which to measure his brainpower. He has, of course, also foiled many a "criminal mastermind". He did once joke about being a member of his high school chess club, however the interviewer had to add that she was not sure if Keeferman was really kidding or not.

Keeferman once stated in a separate interview with a major sports magazine:
"Y'know how they say everyone's unique and how everyone has some gift that they're meant to share with the world? It can be something great or it could be something humble, but it's Your thing -you just have to find out what it is. Like... doctors or preachers might have a “calling”. Everybody knows Ted Williams was the best baseball player ever and Yo Yo Ma is the greatest cellist of our time. Everyone has their thing, right? Well, if I truly were Best In the World at any one thing... (and I’m talking if I hadn’t been a superhero) …it would have to be Air Hockey. Had there been an organized professional league, or had I been aware of one anyway, I would've been not just one of the best, but the Very best. I would've been a World Champion."
This alleged skill has yet to have come up in reference to any other social or criminal interaction in the public record.

As initially reported, Keeferman's powers were practically unlimited. Super speed, super strength, super intellect –he had it all. He seemed to be everywhere at the same time. Maybe that kind of omnipresence or omnipotence was never really possible. Over time, reports tempered and his powers seemed to wane. Though perhaps within the range of standard human genetic potential, he is still faster, stronger, and smarter than any other individual for whom we have been provided documentation.

“I’m so bad, I don’t need a gun. I just keep a pocketful of bullets and insert them manually.” He later apologized, recanted the violent sentiment entirely, and admitted that he’s never actually had to perform such a maneuver. An accomplished marksman, it would seem that he prefers non-lethal means of law-enforcement and possesses an astounding arsenal of weaponry suited to that purpose. As far as personal defense, he claims that he himself is invulnerable to bullets, though (being capable of dodging them) he’s never actually been hit by one. There are even two accounts, believed to have been confirmed by Keeferman, documenting his first encounters with armed assailants. He survived an attempted mugging in New Hampshire and an attempted car-jacking in Indianapolis. If these are to be believed, then they must have occurred before he actually began crimefighting as a career because in each case he allowed his assailants to escape with their lives.

“You can’t stop him. You can only hope to contain him.” That’s what the leader of one group of thugs was reported to have said during police interrogation. In the report, an arch enemy had tried to neutralize Keeferman via a carefully orchestrated diversion. Details weren’t available, but a law enforcement official (who refused to go on public record) said that as many as a dozen well-equipped henchmen managed to buy only three minutes before Keeferman subdued them and then proceeded to bust-up an attempted robbery by their criminal leader across town.

Keeferman is said to be fearless. This is attributed alternately to confidence based upon his abilities and recklessness based on his impatience. He claims to have not lost a fight since middle-school (and complained that that particular incident was against not one, but two opponents). His fighting style does not seem attributable to any particular martial art, but the terms “drunken monkey” and “wildcat” have been used to describe it. There are also more than a few accounts whereby Keeferman was seen fighting crime alongside a mysterious “700 pound black and white cow-tiger”.

Vulnerabilities

Keeferman is most vulnerable to bureaucracy. This he has admitted freely. Some villains have reported varying degrees of success with coleslaw and coleslaw derivatives. Upon hearing one such report, Joanderwoman is said to joke that she uses Brussels Sprouts (to repel Keeferman) herself. Despite being immune to displays of almost every human misery, Keeferman must have a soft spot for animals as he was once observed to have turned away from the television just before a pack of hyenas took down a baby gazelle. It’s also been rumored that, under the influence of certain libations, his New England accent comes out. Movie spoilers make his eyes tear-up alittle too.

Contra-Indications

There is one theory that attributes the abject intangibility of Keeferman to the fact that he does not exist at all. It has been proposed that he is a figment of collective imagination -that Keeferman is just a manifestation of a societal desire. He is a decisive force during uncertain times. He is an inspirational leader for discouraged and disenfranchised people everywhere. Keeferman is not just a man, he is a movement. A movement that is subconsciously fostered by an eager public.

Another theory suggests that Keeferman exists, is otherwise quite normal, but has fabricated an extraordinary identity for himself. An identity in which enough people believe that it becomes “common knowledge”. He has deliberately strewn truths, half-truths, and outright lies out there on the Internet (and in the entertainment world) that’ve become an unravellable web of self-reinforcing “facts” that are almost impossible to disprove. (See also Baron von Munchhausen, Walter Mitty, and Billy Liar.)

Yet another theory supposes that Keeferman existed at first, died or retired, and his heroic standard has been picked up and carried on by others in his name.

One of the more dubious conspiracy theories supposes that the supposedly heroic Keeferman identity exists only to cover-up the nefarious activities of an as-yet-undiscovered super villain.

Interestingly, a local art critic once described him thusly: "A man of incscrutable charm, the opaque nature of his pure motives and intentions are his competititive edge in exporting asphalt used to pave the road to hell. The tempation to induldge his ascetic tastes and join the Franciscan order was thwarted by his almost Taoist romantic involvement with an Epicurean. Haunting the web in villainous cattle hide, guarding his Achilles heel - Brian Wilson-esque devotion to a megalomaniacal vanity project, the wicked and the meek can rest assured he is lurking."

Supporting cast

Not much is known about his secret identity, but a few names have been put forth. “Keefer MacNichols” is the most widely accepted. There has, however, been little in the way of corroboration, so this too is merely speculation. Most of what's known about his associates in the Keeferverse is based on graphic novelization and cinematic representation rather than real-life documentation.

Keeferman and friends.

Heroes

Keeferman's large cast of supporting characters includes Joanderwoman -the character most commonly associated with Keeferman. She being portrayed primarily as his partner-in-crimefighting and/or girlfriend. Another associate, Hellkat, has been his constant companion and crimefighting sidekick since the early Nineties. It’s been deduced that Keeferman and Cricket are old University friends. (This would seem to explain the fact that most of their so-called "adventures" are merely recollections of past college shenanigans and not much actual crimefighting.)

Other main supporting characters include The Internets coworkers such as technicians Robert N. Wood, Steven Johnson, Luke von Scoene, and Dickie O’Surman. They’re joined by corporate apparatchik Sharron von Scoene and academician Melissa Gale.

Keeferman in Atlanta.

Keeferman's parents, Ma and Pa MacNichols, divorced when he was young, but each is still mentioned on occasion. He has a few sisters, a several cousins, and numerous nieces and nephews. Stories making reference to the possibility of Keeferman siring children have been featured both in and out of mainstream continuity though Keeferman himself has denied having any children of his own yet.

As previously stated, Keeferman is inextricably associated with Joanderwoman. However, having settled comfortably into normal suburban life, Joanderwoman’s superheroic activities aren’t nearly as prolific as they used to be. Keeferman, as a result, continues to fly solo or rely upon previously-established partnerships for most of his crimefighting these days. In addition to supergroup The @lantans, Keeferman occasionally jumps in with the Cinetropians or the Contracepticons. Though based elsewhere around the country, U.S.Mantis, III, Alphadog, Lava, and Shrike also feature prominently in Keeferman adventures.

Villains

Keeferman also has a rogues gallery of enemies, including his most well-known nemesis, The Anarchist, who has been envisioned over the years in various forms as either a mad political scientist with a professional vendetta against Keeferman, or a powerful but corrupt CEO of an industrial conglomerate. The bizarro reverse-Keeferman, known as Reeferman, is considered to be the second most annoying enemy of Keeferman. Other enemies who have featured in various incarnations of the character, from comic books to film and television, include Neuroxin, Faux Force Six, and a nefarious group of former government officials (under the control of parasitic demons) known as The Vulcans.

Media

The superspooky Halloween issue.

Comics

The character of Keeferman has appeared in various media -most significantly though in comics. This is, at least in some part, seen to be due to the character's perception as an American counter-cultural icon. Starting as a comic strip in a college newspaper, Keeferman soon expanded to bigger papers with wider circulation. There were reprints online and collections were published as graphic novels. Keeferman's popularity increased during the Afghan War years due perhaps to his peculiar brand of patriotism. Eventually Keeferman spun off into a monthly comic book title for an independent publishing house. Once standing at as many as five monthly titles, Keeferman is perhaps more widely known for his fictional exploits than his real life ones.

Film and Television

Following the success of a series of internet podcasts (and the success of The WB's first season of the superhero drama Smallville) a Keeferman television series was commissioned in 2004. This live-action version never actually got off the ground, but ended up being launched (straight to DVD) as an independent-release animated series instead.

The popularity of the animated series (in Japan) lead to a movie deal. This too started out as a live-action concept, but eventually became an animated project. Keeferman was released in 2006 as a big budget anime and did relatively well at the box office (in Japan).

Having become a surprise hit in Japanese theaters, the option for Keeferman: the Movie was picked up by an independent Hollywood producer for an undisclosed amount in April 2006. Joss Whedon was rumored to have been tapped to write the script. (He must have dropped out quite immediately as this rumor never actually made it into print.) J. Michael Straszinski was reportedly next on the list and then The Wachosky Brothers and J. J. Abrams, but each was found to have declined in turn. Eventually a team of previous unknowns turned in a draft which was accepted by the studio and casting begun while that draft was turned into a filmable script. Nicholas Cage was presumed to be interested in playing the lead role. The producer was actually in the process of courting Tom Cruise instead when the studio, rumored to be a consortium of Russian "businessmen", pulled out and the project lost it's financial backing. All writing and casting was halted by late 2006. The producer eventually rounded up another (undisclosed) financial source, another team of writers, and called for a final version of the script to be delivered by the Summer of 2007. Preproduction problems called for the script to be completely overhauled and this was begun in September 2007. Unfortunately, the Writers Guilds of America (East and West) went on strike on November 5, 2007 and all work was halted once again. While the strike concluded on February 12, 2008, the project is currently in development_hell.

Computer Games

The Keeferman computer game, based on the movie, is currently on hold as well -though the option is set to expire soon.

Musical References

While there have been no direct musical attributions to "Keeferman" there have been many veiled references.

Keeferman is known to have made appearances at the Neshoba County Fair in Philadelphia, Mississippi -not far from the hometown of the Mississippi-based rock band 3 Doors Down. Their song Kryptonite would appear to be a retelling of an unfortunate coleslaw incident Keeferman is said to have had at The Catfish Opry in nearby Noxapater.

The Atlanta band Cinetrope, of which he consistently denies being a member, have made several lyrical references to Keeferman. Some have suggested that it's Keeferman for whom lead vocalist, Sharron von Scoene, pines in their torch-songs Til I Bleed and Noir.

Keeferman himself is rumored to have expressed an interest in obtaining the rights to a number of songs for the Keeferman movie soundtrack, including:
Cadence to Arms by The Dropkick Murphys
Like a Song by U2
Song 2 by Blur
Airbag and Lucky by Radiohead
and Untitled 8 by Sigur Ros.

Critical Reception and Popularity

Of course it was Superman’s initial success that led to the proliferation of superheroes in America and around the world. It is therefore no surprise that, when one like Keeferman came along, comparisons would follow. While Keeferman has acknowledged an immense debt of gratitude owed to Superman, he has also requested that his contributions be considered on their own merit. His detractors seem more than willing to oblige.

Keeferman has been discussed and debated in many forums over the years since his debut. While comic strips and graphic novels have been popular, his books and blogs have not been nearly as well received by literary critics. Much to the consternation of Keeferman's fans, many journalists have dismissed even his most important writing as amateurish. (One journalist going to far as to call him "immature to the point of infantility" and "irrelevant".)

It might be that literary scorn and derision have an inverse effect upon Keeferman -as his writing goes on undeterred. He seems indefatigably smug and self-satisfied, pumping out blog post after post and adventure story after story. While it is not known how many "adventures" he has actually had, Keeferman claims to have an inexhaustible supply of anecdotal replies for any topic.

It has been suggested that there is one form of critical expression that would have an adverse effect upon an attention-seeker like Keeferman: indifference. In fact, there is a story regarding some fans (with whom he was posing for a photograph) wherein a woman purported to be his mother suggested aloud: "Just ignore him, he'll go away."

Keeferman's popularity, however, continues to grow unabated. In addition to his various media incarnations, Keeferman is often called upon to make personal appearances at public events like charity auctions, blood drives, and parades. He has been a featured guest at Sci-Fi conventions. He has given motivational speeches at large corporate dinners. He has even delivered commencement addresses to universities and police academies. The increasing frequency of these very public demands for his time seem to be a testament to his growing fanbase.

While the character Keeferman has not yet received any award in any creative medium, Keeferman himself has surely been considered for several community service awards -such as the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Nobel Peace Prize, and the Key to the City of Atlanta. The fact that he has not yet actually won any is, in the superhero community, largely seen as an oversight. He has, however, been observed to express pride over his pool trophies, some dayjob employee-of-the year plaques, and a fantasy-baseball championship certificate.

Marketing and Merchandising

Keeferman was a relative unknown on the marketplace until after the dawn of the new millennium. Once established though, his popularity increased quite rapidly, with features in small newspapers, independent comic book titles, and fansites. In 2003 Keeferman attended his first DragonCon. The character was represented in Atlanta's annual 4th of July parade for the first time in 2004. In fact Keeferman had become popular enough by 2005 that, with sales of the character's three titles standing at a combined total of over 1.5 hundred, Chronus magazine was reporting that "the Department of Defense (had) ruled that Keeferman comic books should be included among essential supplies destined for the expeditionary force in the Middle East." The character was soon licensed by companies eager to cash in on this success through merchandising.

One of Keeferman's German fans.

The earliest paraphernalia appeared in 2002 as bumperstickers proclaiming membership in the K-Team Keeferman fan club. In less than two years, the amount of merchandise available had increased exponentially, with candy bars, beer coasters, t-shirts, and trading cards available, as well as multiple lines of action figures. The popularity of such merchandise was of course increased when Keeferman was licensed to appear in other media such as movies, computer games, and cell-phone downloads. The value of the Keeferman franchise would seem to depend on the public's seemingly insatiable appetite for superheroes, Keeferman's own perhaps tenuous grip on continued relevance, and cross-market appeal.

It is not just Keeferman the person or Keeferman the real life superhero. There is also the matter of the interrobang shield, the stylized steel-blue and black interrobang emblem Keeferman wears on his chest. The shield by itself is often used in media to signify the Keeferman character. The shield is not just a fashion symbol to be found on t-shirts and backpacks however. It has been licensed for use by tattoo artists and sporting goods manufacturers. It has been found spraypainted in backstreets and alleyways across America. It has also helped spur a revival, in the literary and fontographical fields, of the interrobang's use as basic punctuation.

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